Lecture 13: Second Wave of European Immigration, 1880-1914

1. Scale
   1. 1880
   2. 1907

2. Conditions Promoting Emigration
   1. Demographic transition
   2. Increase of small, fragmented holdings
   3. Rural to urban migration
   4. Ethnic and religious persecution
      
      

3. Social Origins of Migrants

4. Factors Distinguishing Second Wave from First
   1. Transportation revolution
   2. Urban character of U.S. residence patterns
      1. decline of undeveloped land
      2. increased capital requirements for farming
      3. language barrier
      4. changing character of U.S. economy

5. American Consequences
   1. Urban transformation
   2. Industrial transformation